Communication
Communication
• Communication is that the process of exchange of data. It is
often verbal or non-verbal but needs a sender and a receiver. Sender may be a
one that transmits the knowledge to the receiver who gets it. so as to form
communication an efficient one, the sender and receiver should have an
equivalent understanding of the knowledge exchanged.
• Communication could also be defined because the process of
interchange of thoughts, opinions, ideas and facts through signs, symbols,
words or phrases.
Communication- Definitions
• Newman & Summer
Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or
emotions by two or more persons.
Peter Little
Communication is that the process by which information is
transmitted between individuals and/or organisations in order that an
understanding response results.
• William Scott
• Administrative communication may be a process which
involves the transmission and accurate replication of ideas ensured by feedback
for the aim of eliciting actions which can accomplish organizational goals.
Essential Features
• 1. Simple language: The language utilized in the
communication should be simple and understandable.
• 2. Clearness: The communicator should be clear in his mind
about the target of his communication. There shouldn't be any ambiguity in
communication.
• 3. Adequacy of data: It should contain adequate
information and will be complete altogether respect; otherwise it'll not serve
the aim of communication.
• . Proper medium of communication: The communicator should
select the right media of communication by considering such factors because the
nature of communication, urgency of communication, distance between
communicator and recipient of communication etc.
• 5. Accurate: an efficient communication should be
accurate. False and misleading statement will seriously undermine the
reputation of the business. it's going to also cause expensive litigation.
• 6. Courtesy: Politeness is, of course, one among the
important attributes of excellent business communication. A polite language
should be utilized in communication. It helps improve business relations.
Communication Channels
• Written Communication
• Oral Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
(Nonverbal communication refers to gestures, facial
expressions, tone of voice, eye contact (or lack thereof), visual communication,
posture, and other ways people can communicate without using language.)
Classification of Communication
• Internal Communication
• External Communication
Another way of Classifying Communication is: -
1. Downward Communication
2. Upward Communication
3. Lateral Communication
4. Diagonal Communication
5. Grapevine
Barriers to Communication
Communication process is hampered, if there's a block in any
stage. Such quite interference that distorts the message is named noise. The
factors that caused the noise are Barriers.
In general barriers could also be classified as: -
1. Organisational Barriers
2. Semantic Barriers
3. Personal Barriers
4. Psychological Barriers
5. Deceptive Barriers
6. Information Overload
7. Other Barriers
Organisational Barriers
1. Policies
2. Rules & Regulations
3. Status & Position
4. Complex Organisation
Semantic Barriers
1. Badly Expressed Message
2. Imperfect Translation
3. Unclarified Assumptions
4. Application of Jargons
Personal Barriers
Barriers among Superiors
1. Regards & Gratefulness
2. Excessive use of Authority
3. Proper Channel Syndrome
4. Prejudice
5. Disbelief
6. Sycophant Syndrome
7. Interiority Complex
8. Time Factor
• Barriers among Subordinates
1. Fear of Exposing Mistakes
2. Aversion for Changes
3. Reluctance to speak Upward
4. Underestimation of their Talents
Psychological Barriers
1. Suspicion
2. Inattention
3. Premature Evaluation
4. Failure to speak
5. Loss by transmission & Poor Retention
6. Emphasis on Written Message
Deceptive Tactics
1. False Promises
2. Exaggerate claims
3. Inaccurate Statistics
4. Hiding Negative Information
5. Exaggeration in Advertisements
6. ILLEGAL or UNETHICAL MESSAGES
7. Fine-tuned messages or optimistic messages
Information Overload
Information overload is basically an impediment within the
communication process. The receiver must be capable of discriminating useful
information from useless information
Other Barriers
1. Knowledge Divide
2. Resistance to vary
3. Perception
4. Closed Minds
5. Fear
6. Lack of ability to speak
7. Sufficient adjustment Period
8. Space & Time
Guidelines for overcoming Communication Barriers
• Communication must reach the audience within the right
perspective. If the interference within the communication occurred thanks to
technological factors, it is often removed by rectifying the technological
faults. If, it's thanks to human factors, the sender & receiver got to
enhance the receptivity through remedial measures. Certain Guidelines are often
followed for improving the communication.
• Adoption of Audience Centred Approach
• Develop open Communication Environment
• Commit Ethical Communication (Avoid Plagiarism, Selective
Misquoting, Misrepresenting numbers, Distorting visuals)
• Construct Lean & Efficient Message.
Strategy for Overcoming Barriers
1. Develop open communication environment.
2. Keep the audience perception in mind.
3. Minimise message transmission points.
4. Never communicate once you are emotionally disturbed.
5. Recognise the worth of Non-verbal messages.
6. remember of varied divides like gender, cultural social
& other dimensions.
7. Choose the proper channel
8. Get the feedback and influence.
Thank You